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Can Animal Cells Change Plasma Membrane Fluidty

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5.iii: Components and Structure - Membrane Fluidity

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  • Folio ID
    13080
    • Learning Objectives
    • Explicate the office of membrane fluidity in the structure of cells

    Membrane Fluidity

    There are multiple factors that lead to membrane fluidity. First, the mosaic characteristic of the membrane helps the plasma membrane remain fluid. The integral proteins and lipids exist in the membrane as carve up but loosely-attached molecules. The membrane is non like a airship that tin can expand and contract; rather, it is fairly rigid and can outburst if penetrated or if a cell takes in too much water. However, considering of its mosaic nature, a very fine needle can easily penetrate a plasma membrane without causing information technology to burst; the membrane will flow and self-seal when the needle is extracted.

    image
    Effigy \(\PageIndex{1}\): Membrane Fluidity: The plasma membrane is a fluid combination of phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins. Carbohydrates attached to lipids (glycolipids) and to proteins (glycoproteins) extend from the outward-facing surface of the membrane.

    The second factor that leads to fluidity is the nature of the phospholipids themselves. In their saturated grade, the fatty acids in phospholipid tails are saturated with bound hydrogen atoms; there are no double bonds betwixt adjacent carbon atoms. This results in tails that are relatively straight. In contrast, unsaturated fat acids practise not contain a maximal number of hydrogen atoms, although they do contain some double bonds between adjacent carbon atoms; a double bond results in a bend of approximately xxx degrees in the cord of carbons. Thus, if saturated fatty acids, with their straight tails, are compressed past decreasing temperatures, they press in on each other, making a dense and fairly rigid membrane. If unsaturated fatty acids are compressed, the "kinks" in their tails elbow next phospholipid molecules away, maintaining some space between the phospholipid molecules. This "elbow room" helps to maintain fluidity in the membrane at temperatures at which membranes with saturated fatty acid tails in their phospholipids would "freeze" or solidify. The relative fluidity of the membrane is particularly important in a cold environment. A cold environment tends to compress membranes composed largely of saturated fatty acids, making them less fluid and more susceptible to rupturing. Many organisms (fish are one example) are capable of adapting to cold environments by changing the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in their membranes in response to the lowering of the temperature.

    In animals, the third factor that keeps the membrane fluid is cholesterol. It lies alongside the phospholipids in the membrane and tends to dampen the effects of temperature on the membrane. Thus, cholesterol functions as a buffer, preventing lower temperatures from inhibiting fluidity and preventing higher temperatures from increasing fluidity also much. Cholesterol extends in both directions the range of temperature in which the membrane is appropriately fluid and, consequently, functional. Cholesterol as well serves other functions, such as organizing clusters of transmembrane proteins into lipid rafts.

    Key Points

    • The membrane is fluid but also fairly rigid and tin flare-up if penetrated or if a cell takes in also much water.
    • The mosaic nature of the plasma membrane allows a very fine needle to easily penetrate it without causing it to burst and allows it to cocky-seal when the needle is extracted.
    • If saturated fat acids are compressed by decreasing temperatures, they press in on each other, making a dense and fairly rigid membrane.
    • If unsaturated fatty acids are compressed, the "kinks" in their tails push button adjacent phospholipid molecules away, which helps maintain fluidity in the membrane.
    • The ratio of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids determines the fluidity in the membrane at cold temperatures.
    • Cholesterol functions as a buffer, preventing lower temperatures from inhibiting fluidity and preventing college temperatures from increasing fluidity.

    Key Terms

    • phospholipid: Whatever lipid consisting of a diglyceride combined with a phosphate group and a simple organic molecule such equally choline or ethanolamine; they are important constituents of biological membranes
    • fluidity: A measure of the extent to which something is fluid. The reciprocal of its viscosity.

    Contributions and Attributions

    • OpenStax College, Components and Structure. October 28, 2013. Provided by: OpenStax CNX. Located at: http://cnx.org/content/m44416/latest/#tab-ch05_01_01 . License: CC BY: Attribution
    • OpenStax College, Components and Structure. October 28, 2013. Provided past: OpenStax CNX. Located at: http://cnx.org/content/m44416/latest/#tab-ch05_01_01 . License: CC By: Attribution
    • OpenStax Higher, Components and Structure. October 28, 2013. Provided by: OpenStax CNX. Located at: http://cnx.org/content/m44416/latest/#tab-ch05_01_01 . License: CC By: Attribution
    • OpenStax Higher, Biology. October xvi, 2013. Provided past: OpenStax CNX. Located at: http://cnx.org/content/m44415/latest...ol11448/latest . License: CC BY: Attribution
    • receptor. Provided by: Wiktionary. Located at: en.wiktionary.org/wiki/receptor . License: CC By-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike
    • plasma membrane. Provided by: Wiktionary. Located at: en.wiktionary.org/wiki/plasma_membrane . License: CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike
    • Illustration of au00a0Eukaryoticu00a0cell membrane. Provided by: Wikipedia. Located at: en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_me..._diagram_4.svg . License: CC Past-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike
    • OpenStax College, Biology. Oct 16, 2013. Provided by: OpenStax CNX. Located at: http://cnx.org/content/m44416/latest...ol11448/latest . License: CC By: Attribution
    • hydrophobic. Provided past: Wiktionary. Located at: en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hydrophobic . License: CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike
    • amphiphilic. Provided past: Wiktionary. Located at: en.wiktionary.org/wiki/amphiphilic . License: CC Past-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike
    • hydrophilic. Provided past: Wiktionary. Located at: en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hydrophilic . License: CC By-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike
    • Illustration of au00a0Eukaryoticu00a0cell membrane. Provided by: Wikipedia. Located at: en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_me..._diagram_4.svg . License: CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike
    • OpenStax Higher, Components and Construction. October sixteen, 2013. Provided by: OpenStax CNX. Located at: http://cnx.org/content/m44416/latest...e_05_01_01.jpg . License: CC By: Attribution
    • OpenStax Higher, Biological science. October 29, 2013. Provided past: OpenStax CNX. Located at: http://cnx.org/content/m44416/latest...ol11448/latest . License: CC BY: Attribution
    • OpenStax College, Components and Construction. October 16, 2013. Provided past: OpenStax CNX. Located at: http://cnx.org/content/m44416/latest...e_05_01_03.jpg . License: CC By: Attribution
    • OpenStax College, Components and Structure. Oct 16, 2013. Provided by: OpenStax CNX. Located at: http://cnx.org/content/m44416/latest...e_05_01_04.jpg . License: CC Past: Attribution
    • OpenStax College, Components and Construction. October 16, 2013. Provided by: OpenStax CNX. Located at: http://cnx.org/content/m44416/latest...e_05_01_02.jpg . License: CC BY: Attribution
    • OpenStax College, Biological science. October 16, 2013. Provided by: OpenStax CNX. Located at: http://cnx.org/content/m44416/latest...ol11448/latest . License: CC Past: Attribution
    • fluidity. Provided by: Wiktionary. Located at: en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fluidity . License: CC By-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike
    • phospholipid. Provided past: Wiktionary. Located at: http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/phospholipid . License: CC By-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike
    • Illustration of au00a0Eukaryoticu00a0cell membrane. Provided by: Wikipedia. Located at: en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_me..._diagram_4.svg . License: CC By-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike
    • OpenStax College, Components and Construction. October 16, 2013. Provided by: OpenStax CNX. Located at: http://cnx.org/content/m44416/latest...e_05_01_01.jpg . License: CC Past: Attribution
    • OpenStax College, Biology. October 29, 2013. Provided by: OpenStax CNX. Located at: http://cnx.org/content/m44416/latest...ol11448/latest . License: CC BY: Attribution
    • OpenStax College, Components and Structure. Oct 16, 2013. Provided by: OpenStax CNX. Located at: http://cnx.org/content/m44416/latest...e_05_01_03.jpg . License: CC BY: Attribution
    • OpenStax College, Components and Structure. October 16, 2013. Provided by: OpenStax CNX. Located at: http://cnx.org/content/m44416/latest...e_05_01_04.jpg . License: CC BY: Attribution
    • OpenStax Higher, Components and Construction. October 16, 2013. Provided by: OpenStax CNX. Located at: http://cnx.org/content/m44416/latest...e_05_01_02.jpg . License: CC BY: Attribution
    • OpenStax College, Components and Structure. Oct 28, 2013. Provided by: OpenStax CNX. Located at: http://cnx.org/content/m44416/latest/#fig-ch05_01_03 . License: CC Past: Attribution

    Source: https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Book%3A_General_Biology_(Boundless)/05%3A_Structure_and_Function_of_Plasma_Membranes/5.03%3A_Components_and_Structure_-__Membrane_Fluidity

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